Research Paper on World History Essay Example

Research Paper on World History Essay History of Wars Presentation The verifiable period following the World War II is viewed as very disputable, and frequently it is condemned, yet it is imperative to understand the procedures that occurred on the planet at that age to more readily comprehend the element of the Cold War and its causes. Clearly universal arrangement of two superpowers in the post-war period prompted the Cold War, which partitioned the world into two unfriendly parts and kept the number of inhabitants in the entire planet under the danger of the World War III, however the last chance was somewhat speculative, such a circumstance, in any case, prompted the worldwide showdown of two superpowers, of two political and financial frameworks. The post-war time is by all accounts very new in memory of numerous authorities and this is the reason incorrectly it is viewed as very simple to break down yet in fact the circumstance is totally extraordinary and what is likely the most troublesome and avoided general society is the strategy and genuine aim of the USSR headed by Joseph Stalin, an infamous figure on the planet history who was seen as a saint, a rescuer of the country and, interestingly, as a beast that made a machine utilizing a huge number of individuals for its own objectives. It is the reason this exploration paper will be for the most part centered around Stalin’s arrangement from the apocalypse War II till the Korean War. It is especially essential to examine the decisions made by Stalin in his strategy, his reasons and the options he had. The post-war reality Talking about Stalin’s arrangement after the apocalypse War II, it is important to break down the circumstance on the planet in that age since it was formed by Stalin and the USSR as well as delivered a critical effect on its approach and characterized the further improvement of the worldwide strategy. We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on World History explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on World History explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on World History explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer At this regard, it ought to be called attention to that the apocalypse War II prompted the conflict of interests of two superpowers on the planet the USSR and the US. Before there was one shared adversary, the two nations battled against yet when the Nazi force in Germany has dispensed with the victors set their guidelines of play. Before long it went to be that lone the US and the USSR could be persuasive to such an extent that their strategy characterized the circumstance in the entire world while European nations, for example, the UK or France, were to debilitated by the war to stay as amazing as they used to be previously. From the outset, there was nothing perilous in such a circumstance neither for the US nor the USSR since they had won the war against Germany and after the apocalypse War II, there was no evident danger to them, for example, one party rule. Lamentably for both the US and the USSR, such a view on the circumstance on the planet was wrong, and the truth was altogether unique. Actually, on vanquishing Germany, the previous unions transformed into foes due to the Communist system in the USSR, which would be all the more accurately to name the Stalinist framework, was not less danger for the US and other industrialist nations of the world. Then again, the US was not less genuine danger to the soundness of Stalin’s system in the USSR on the grounds that the enmity between the socialist system in the USSR and just nations have begun some time before the start of the World War II. In such a circumstance Stalin, as a pioneer of the USSR could coherently secure the intercession of western nations in its undertakings both residential and remote. Therefore, Stalin’s essential deliberately significant bearing of improvement and Soviet arrangement was the avoidance of the spread of impact of the US and its western collusions, which were compromising the national security of the USSR. In such a circumstance Europe, which was in ruin both financial and political, had become a field of the battle of two superpowers and bit by bit such resistance was spread everywhere throughout the world. Dispassionately, the apocalypse War two denoted the beginning of new time when there was no third force on the planet, for example, extremist Germany used to be, and the restriction between the US and the USSR characterized the approach of the two nations and national and vital interests of the two nations were in fortifying its positions and debilitating those of the adversary. Simultaneously it is important to understand that for Stalin, as a pioneer of the USSR that experienced global intercession after the upheaval in Russia of 1917, it was fundamentally important to make a sort of support that would make the danger of direct military attack less startling and less plausible alongside the making of an option in contrast to western method of improvement for the nations that were liberated from extremist occupation and their future was as yet dark. Actually these nations, principally European ones, had become the primary key purpose of the developing restriction between the USSR and the US for they were too feeble to even think about resisting to it is possible that US or Soviet intercession or financial and political impact and simultaneously they additionally were the ideal nations to control by the superpowers since they made the reason for additional global extension of the two nations in light of the fact that there remained no genuine options on the planet for frail states yet to pick either the US or the USSR as a partnership. In such a manner the more associations the US or the USSR obtained, the more persuasive they would be in global approach and increasingly secure their national advantages were. Stalin’s post-World War II strategy and its other options Normally, the truth of the general circumstance on the planet and global conditions characterized the key decisions made by Stalin from the apocalypse War II till the Korean War. Clearly, the decisions made by Stalin as a pioneer of one of the two superpowers might be scrutinized or legitimized however what is extremely significant from the chronicled and key perspective is to dissect what made him act in the manner he did, what the explanations behind his decisions were, and whether there were potential other options or not. Above all else, one of the essential key objectives of Stalin after the apocalypse War II was to keep up control in European nations, or if nothing else inside the nations neighboring on the USSR. Something else, European nations would go heavily influenced by the US. Actually, the nations, which were liberated by the USSR from Germany, didn't turn out to be free. True they stayed affected by the USSR however by right they could pick any method of further improvement that they needed. In reality, theoretically they could pick either socialism by joining the USSR as partnerships or vote based system, in such a case their coalition ought to be the US. Evidently, Stalin understood the significance of European nations for the development of the intensity of the USSR, and he needed to spread the impact of the nation he controlled in over a potentially bigger number of European nations. This is actually what he included done inside a couple of years after the apocalypse War II. Quite, following the World War II Soviet armed force â€Å"occupied a great part of the region that had been in the past held by the Axis countries† (Parker 1997:176). Thus, there were Soviet word related zones in Germany and Austria. Additionally, Hungary and Poland were likewise under viable military occupation. In any case, the military power of the Soviet Union was not by any means the only way Stalin’s system impacted nations freed from German occupation and control. The USSR likewise generally utilized financial and political effect on the nations demolished by the war. Subsequently, the vital objective to build up control in European nations was accomplished for from 1946-1948 socialist governments were forced in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria that were plentifully bolstered by the socialist government in Moscow. Simultaneously there were additionally home-developed fascisms in Yugoslavia and Albania and normally, they were very cordial to the USSR, particularly contrasted with the threatening US and other majority rule nations. In such a manner, Eastern and Central Europe went to be under the Soviet control, and the Eastern outskirts of the USSR had been a lot more secure than before because of the extraordinary cushion zone spoke to by its European unions. In addition, what was not less significant is the way that socialism had begun to spread drastically as the prevailing philosophy in other European nations that was normally an extraordinary accomplishment of the Soviet international strategy. Clearly the decision made by Stalin for setting up control in the nations freed by the Red Army from fundamentalists was deliberately directly from the perspective of expanding the job of the USSR in the universal relations and its change into a superpower in light of the fact that the Stalinist system gained worldwide collusions, regardless of whether some of them were not so much ready to join such a partnership, and the accomplishment in Eastern and Central Europe had made the expectations of Soviet socialists t o spread Marxism-Leninism philosophy all through the world, fed since the Russian unrest in 1917, more feasible than any other time in recent memory. In addition, the USSR had dispensed with the status of the ‘outcast’ is the main socialist nation on the planet. Presumably, one may contend whether it was important to spread the USSR command over European nations utilizing all methods. Truth be told, the most clear elective that could be proposed to Stalin in such a circumstance was the refusal from intercession in the national arrangement of European nations li

10 College Majors That Lead to the Highest Salaries

10 College Majors That Lead to the Highest Salaries On the off chance that you’ve heard any of the bleak details on understudy credit obligation like that 44 million Americans owe more than $1.3 trillion in understudy advance obligation then abruptly that higher education probably won't appear as though the extraordinary thought it once did. (As a previous English major, I feel that torment.) You shouldn’t let that drive you off from higher ed, however. On the off chance that you’re an understudy choosing where to center, or if you’re considering returning to class, the best resource you can have is information on what your course of action is. That implies getting a post-school line of work that will let you take care of your school obligation. It additionally implies picking a field of study that will set you up well after you wander off with that well deserved degree. Compensation isn’t the main interesting point when you’re arranging you’re future, yet let’s face it-itâ€℠¢s horrendously significant. While there is some decent variety among the most lucrative majors, the principle topic is that STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) professions are among the most sizzling out there this moment. Let’s take a gander at 10 of the most noteworthy winning majors, in view of a review directed by Glassdoor, and what you can do with them. Spoiler alert: the greater part of them are in technical studies and technology.1. PC ScienceMedian pay: $81,430Spotlight work: Web DeveloperWeb engineers structure and make sites, just as keep up the everyday tasks, enhancements, execution, and traffic. Engineers need to have solid abilities in structure and PC programming. The middle pay for web engineers is $64,790 every year, and the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics predicts that the field will become 27% by 2024 (a lot quicker than average).Spotlight work: Software DeveloperSoftware designers handle the inventive side of PC programming. They str ucture applications, projects, interfaces, and the fundamental frameworks. Programming designers work with client criticism and groups of other PC authorities to make, refine, and improve programs. The middle pay for programming designers is $100,960 every year, and the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics predicts 17% development by 2024.2. Electrical EngineeringMedian compensation: $68,438Spotlight work: Electrical EngineerElectrical engineers are answerable for planning, creating, and testing electrical gear, for example, electric engines, radar and route frameworks, correspondences frameworks, and force age equipment. They work in various businesses, from assembling to broadcast communications to government organizations. The middle pay for electrical designers is $95,230 every year, and in spite of the fact that the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics foreseeing gangbusters development among now and 2024, the field is required to remain steady.Spotlight job: Systems Engineer 3. Mechanical EngineeringMedian compensation: $68,000Spotlight work: Mechanical EngineerMechanical engineers are genuine multidisciplinarians-this is one of the most flexible and shifted building fields. Mechanical architects configuration, create, fabricate, and test mechanical gadgets, including instruments, motors, and machines. The middle pay for mechanical specialists is $83,590, and the U.S. Authority of Labor Statistics predicts 5% development by 2024.Spotlight employment: Industrial DesignerIndustrial architects make structures for made items (counting vehicles, apparatuses, toys, and buyer items). Modern creators consolidate ideas from building, business, and craftsmanship/plan viewpoints to make easy to use and appealing items. The middle pay for modern fashioners is $67,130, and the U.S. Authority of Labor Statistics predicts unobtrusive development of 2% by 2024.4. Concoction EngineeringMedian compensation: $65,000Spotlight work: Chemical EngineerChemical engineers chip away at the creation and utilization of synthetic substances, fuel, medications, food, and numerous different items, just as structuring procedures and gear for assembling, arranging and testing creation strategies, and coordinating office activities. They apply science, material science, and designing standards to their items and procedures. Compound designers can be found in look into offices, modern plants, and other research facility settings. The middle pay for substance engineers is $97,360, and the field is relied upon to develop about 2% by 2024.5. Modern EngineeringMedian compensation: $64,381Spotlight work: Industrial EngineerIndustrial engineers work to make creation and assembling forms increasingly productive. They make frameworks that organize assets (individuals, machines, materials, data, and vitality) to make an item quicker, less expensive, and all the more adequately. The middle pay for mechanical architects is $83,470, and the U.S. Agency of Labor Statistics pred icts humble changes of about 1% by 2024.6. Data TechnologyMedian pay: $64,008Spotlight work: Information Security AnalystInformation security experts are the main line of protection for an organization’s PC system and data. They devise and actualize security systems to prepare for information burglary, cyberattacks, and other advanced dangers. The middle pay for data security examiners is $90,120, and as the quantity of digital dangers rise, so openings for work: the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts 18% development by 2024.Spotlight employment: Network and Computer Systems AdministratorWith everything going advanced nowadays, system and PC frameworks executives have key jobs in about each association. They are liable for the everyday support and advancement of a company’s computerized foundation. The middle pay for organize executives is $77,810, and the field is required to develop at any rate 8% by 2024.7. Structural EngineeringMedian pay: $61,500Spotlight work: C ivil EngineerIf you’ve went on a street, experienced an air terminal, or utilized an open water framework, you’ve delighted in the workmanship of a structural designer. These architects structure and administer development extends in both the general population and private segments. This can incorporate streets, structures, air terminals, burrows, dams, scaffolds, and open utilities like water flexibly and sewage treatment. The middle compensation for structural specialists is $82,220, and the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics expects that there will be 8% increasingly affable designing employments by 2024.8. StatisticsMedian compensation: $60,000Spotlight work: StatisticianStatisticians gather and examine information, and use it to help take care of certifiable issues in business, fund, social insurance, designing, or different territories. Analysts are sought after in both the private and open divisions for instance, insurance agencies and government offices. As we move increasingly more into an information driven society, the requirement for qualified experts to bode well and procedure out of that information develops constantly. The middle compensation for analysts is $80,110 every year, and the field is required to develop quickly 34% by 2024.Spotlight occupation: Market Research AnalystMarket inquire about experts are the ones who can let you know whether your item is probably going to be a hit or a lemon. They investigate complex market factors, and foresee deals for a specific decent or administration. Their examination prompts choices about what items ought to be, who might get them, and what value the market will bear. The middle pay for statistical surveying investigators is $62,150, and the field is relied upon to develop by 19% by 2024.9. NursingMedian compensation: $58,928Spotlight work: Registered NurseThe medicinal services field is as solid as could be, and phenomenal attendants are consistently sought after. Attendants facilit ate and give direct patient consideration, working with patients in a wide range of medicinal services settings (emergency clinics, centers, schools, offices, home consideration, hospices, and so forth.). The middle compensation for medical attendants is $67,490, and request will develop by 16% (a lot quicker than normal) by 2024.Spotlight employment: Nurse AnesthetistNurses in this profoundly particular region can manage sedation before techniques, screen patients’ imperative signs, and regulate patients’ recuperation after medical procedure. They work with specialists, doctors, an anesthetists as a feature of the careful consideration group. The middle pay for nurture anesthetists is $160,250, and the field is relied upon to develop a lot quicker than normal, in accordance with other nursing careers.10. FinanceMedian compensation: $54,900Spotlight work: Financial AnalystFinancial examiners are frequently the voice of money related explanation, giving ability on busin ess sectors and business to support customers and organizations settle on venture choices. They screen the money related markets intently, especially the exhibition of stocks, securities, reserves, and other venture types. The middle pay for money related investigators is $80,310, and by 2024 the Bureau of Labor Statistics expects there will be 12% more occupations for budgetary analysts.Spotlight work: AccountantAccountants are liable for planning and examining monetary records, including duties and day by day budgetary tasks. They manage everyday budgetary tasks to guarantee that an organization is running effectively and on financial plan. The middle pay for bookkeepers is $67,190, and the field ought to develop by at any rate 11% by 2024.If you’re as of now in school, or simply pondering it, these majors could be an extraordinary alternative for you if you’re looking for a steady, well-paying profession way.

All-Purpose Gift Book THIS IS THE STORY OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE

All-Purpose Gift Book THIS IS THE STORY OF A HAPPY MARRIAGE This is a guest post by Mary Laura Philpott, who  is a freelance writer with a book addiction. She is the co-author of the book Poetic Justice Legal Humor In Verse,  a humor columnist at I Miss You When I Blink,  and a regular contributor at The Barnes Noble Book Blog. Shes also the artist and writer behind The Random Penguins. _________________________ Sometimes a book can help you do a hard job. It can say for you what you can’t quite spit out. It can help you give advice that someone might not take from your own mouth. It can offer, on your behalf, inspiration or comfort or comic relief to a person in need. Usually, when I am searching for the right gift at the right time for the right person, it’s a book. Ann Patchett’s new collection of nonfiction essays This Is the Story of a Happy Marriage just joined the ranks of my go-to gift books. These spectacular pieces â€" most previously published in various places but some of them very hard to find prior to now â€" come together under the title This Is The Story of a Happy Marriage. Wrap it up for these people in your life: Your young writer friend â€" Patchett’s tales of her early working days paint a realistic picture of the time and practice it takes to polish a craft. There are plenty of nitty-gritty technical notes about plotting and pacing here, too, but much of her advice is of the simple just-sit-your-ass-down-and-start variety. It’s the type of solid counsel that made your old writer friends give you Anne Lamott’s Bird by Bird 20 years ago. Highlight this line: “Why is it that we understand playing the cello will require work, but we attribute writing to the magic of inspiration?” Your friend going through a relationship rough patch â€" When they need to hear, “You’re not the only one who has gone through this,” point out the part about “the sacrament of divorce.” If they need to stop ranting and make peace with the past, let them read how Patchett writes about her ex with grace and restraint. When you want to say, “Hang in there. You never know what will happen,” give them the gift of experiencing the marriage of equals that is Patchett’s relationship with her current husband. Underline this part: “People ask me, If you knew it wasn’t working, why did you marry him? And all I can say is, I didn’t know how not to.”   Your friend who would help you hide a body â€" We all have at least one friend like this. For Patchett, it was Lucy Grealy. After I’m gone, I can only hope my friends will defend their relationships with me with the same loyalty Patchett shows Grealy. I’d do the same for them. Tuck the bookmark here: “The ability to have a friend, and be a friend, is not unlike the ability to learn. Both are rooted in the ability to be accepting and open-minded with a talent for hard work. If you are willing to stretch yourself, to risk yourself, if you are willing to love and honor and cherish the people who are important to you until one of you dies, then there will be great heartaches and even greater rewards.” Your friend who has suffered humiliation â€" It’s hard to know how to cheer up someone who has made a mistake or been insulted or gossiped about, but one way is to show that it happens to everyone. Patchett writes about the times she has been shamed: when she divorced after a single year of marriage; when she had to wear a funny hat and serve fajitas to people she went to high school with; when she got ripped to shreds at a speaking event on a conservative college campus. She sets a great example of resilience â€" the kind that knows how to let go but also maintains a healthy bit of F-you edge. It’s handy to share with those who need a roadmap to follow. Write this passage on the gift card: “Forgiveness. The ability to forgive oneself. Stop here for a few breaths and think about this because it is the key to making art, and very possibly the key to finding any semblance of happiness in life.” Your friend who’s crazy for dogs â€" I used to carry a folded-up copy of “The Sense of an Ending,” Patchett’s essay about her dog, Rose, from the September 2012 issue of Vogue. It’s one of the most beautiful essays about love â€" animal or human â€" I’ve ever read. For me, this book is worth every penny of its price purely to be able to pass along these words in print. Fold down the corner of this page: “I came to realize… that there was between me and every person I had ever loved some element of separation, and I had never seen it until now. There had been long periods spent apart from the different people I loved, due to nothing more than circumstances. There had been arguments and disappointments, for the most part small and easily reconciled, but over time people break apart, no matter how enormous the love they feel for one another is, and it is through the breaking and the reconciliation, the love and the doubting of love, the judgment and then the coming together again, that we find our own identity and define our relationships.” Actually, that’s not just for dog lovers. It’s for anyone. So give the book to anybody. Someone you love. Someone you like. Hell, give it to someone you don’t like. It can only do them good. _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

The Components Of Verbal And Nonverbal Communication

Communication in Criminal Justice Settings Amber Spencer 06/13/2016 Lance Spivey Communication in Criminal Justice Settings The components of both verbal and nonverbal communication The most important key components for a successful communication is to present the vocabulary or words that has communicating idea or ideas from one stand point to another. With communication you need a positive speech with a meaning, the gestures of your body and visual communication. We have to also think about certain things as well, as such communication doesn’t just mean words, but the pitch that can be use and how it is presented. Strengths include exact steps as to what is trying to be communicated by the use of language. There are other strengths that have the ability to tell others exactly what is needed and how something is used. The differences between nonverbal communication and verbal are simple. Verbal we are speaking with expressions and the pitch of our tone. With verbal you are very much using action and being visual but when it comes to non-verbal it’s almost the person has to read your mind by the picture you have to paint. (So make sure you know h ow to draw). I like to think of nonverbal as â€Å"Sign Language†, because basically that what you are doing. How the components of both verbal and nonverbal communication are applied in various criminal justice settings The key components to communication is transfer or forward feedback and messages. When it come to theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Modern Mass Culture On Modern Society1304 Words   |  6 PagesAdvertising is one of the most common types of social communication and an integral element of modern mass culture. It was the product of the development of market-oriented economic culture production methods, gradually, as the development of information technology in the process of historical evolution, becoming one of the most important social institutions of modern society. 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Contextual Analysis Of Moving The Battle Abroad - 1411 Words

Contextual analysis – Moving the Battle Abroad Jonathon E Houser MIL 310 American Military History I Instructor: David Bodamer 05/23/2016 Military administration in the American Civil War was affected by expert military instruction and the well deserved sober mindedness of order experience. While not all pioneers had formal military preparing, the Assembled States Military Foundation at West Point, New York and the Unified States Maritime Institute at Annapolis made committed frameworks of expert officers whose comprehension of military science had significant impact on the behavior of the American Civil War and whose enduring legacy fashioned the conventions of the advanced U.S. officer corps of all administration branches.†¦show more content†¦Officers WW1 As per Secretary of War Bread cook, a standout amongst the most significant issues going up against the War Office in April 1917, was the acquirement of adequate officers to fill the necessities of the divisions that were to be shaped for abroad duty.To ease the issue, the War Office built up various preparing camps for qualified hopefuls at different military posts, schools, and colleges. To oblige the extensive number of African Americans met all requirements for officers payments, an uncommon school for dark officers was set up at Stronghold Des Moines, Iowa, that graduated 639 students.(6) Documentation on the greater part of the officers preparation schools and a portion of the work force in participation is found among passages 407-415 in the Records of the War Division General and Exceptional Staffs (Record Bunch 165). On the off chance that an officer was appointed in the customary armed force before World War I, an administration record ought to exist in the National Faculty Records Center. The National Files likewise holds various records and distributed sources that give data on standard armed force officers. The in all likelihood hotspot for staff data is the general correspondence (report documents), passage 25, in the Records of the Assistant General s Office, 1780 s-1917 (Record Bunch 94). For a brief outline of administration of a standard armed force officer, the Registers of the Assembled States Armed force are a fabulous

Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters Free Essays

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS ABSTRACT: Disasters of both natural and technological origin have a considerable impact on communities. The effects of disasters in India are significantly reduced by well established counter disaster arrangements at all three levels of government. These arrangements comprise comprehensive plans of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery and in more recent times, of mitigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economic effects of disasters can be devastating and widespread. When disasters strike houses, businesses and community infrastructure get damaged or destroyed and people’s livelihoods are temporarily and sometimes permanently disrupted. Physical damage is the most visible economic impact of disasters. Major natural disasters can and do have severe negative short-run economic impacts. Disasters also appear to have adverse longer-term consequences for economic growth, development and poverty reduction. But, negative impacts are not inevitable. Vulnerability is shifting quickly, especially in countries experiencing economic transformation – rapid growth, urbanization and related technical and social changes. In the Caribbean and Bangladesh there is evidence of both declining sensitivity to tropical storms and floods and increased resilience resulting from both economic transformation and public actions for disaster reduction. The largest concentration of high risk countries, increasingly vulnerable to climatic hazards, is in Sub-Saharan Africa. Risks emanating from geophysical hazards need to be better recognized in highly exposed urban areas across the world because their potential costs are rising exponentially with economic development. Natural disasters cause significant budgetary pressures, with both narrowly fiscal short-term impacts and wider long-term development implications. Reallocation is the primary fiscal response to disaster. Disasters have little impact on trends in total aid flows. Keywords: Disaster Impacts, Direct Economic Impacts, Indirect Economic Impacts, Intangible Economic Impacts. Submitted by: Dr. A. PADMAVATHI, Guest Faculty, Department of MCA, S. V. U. C. C. MC. S. , S. V. University, Tirupati-517502. Introduction: The economic effects of disasters are mostly seen as physical damage to infrastructure. More often than not loss of income through loss of trading activity and the time taken to re-establish such activity, particularly for agricultural industries, is overlooked. The consequences of extended periods of trading or production down-time can result in bankruptcy, forced sale, business closure, loss of experienced workers, a depleted customer base and population shrinkage. These consequences are exacerbated by community losses resulting in a reduction in disposable income. The flow-on through the disaster affected community has been likened to the domino effect. It addresses the economic consequences of disasters on communities and includes a framework of economic recovery principles as well as strategies to implement those principles. In this publication the term â€Å"economic† is used with respect to the costs to the community caused by the disaster while â€Å"financial† is used with respect to those schemes aimed at providing monetary sources to assist recovery. The range of economic effects and consequences on a disaster affected community is relative to the specific nature of the event and the economic demographics of the affected community Economic Consequences of Disasters: The economic effects of disasters can be devastating and widespread. When disasters strike houses, businesses and community infrastructure get damaged or destroyed and people’s livelihoods are temporarily and sometimes permanently disrupted. Physical damage is the most visible economic impact of disasters. However, the less visible impacts such as lost income through being unable to trade are just as significant and the consequences often last longer than the physical damage (for example, bankruptcy and business closures). The flow-on effects through a community can be pervasive. The range of economic effects and consequences for a disaster-affected community vary greatly and depend on both the nature of the event and the economic health of the community. It is also important to recognise that communities are diverse. In some cases, disaster-affected communities recover and prosper, in others the adverse economic impact has a domino effect that spreads throughout the community. What makes some communities recover and prosper and others decline in the aftermath of a disaster? What are key characteristics of disaster-resistant communities? These are important questions and are critical to understanding the economic recovery process. The principles and strategies identified later in this report provide a starting point for considering these questions. The economic consequences of disasters can be classified in a variety of ways. No single framework will cover and prescribe every possible impact a disaster might have. Each disaster has unique characteristics and consequently in any attempt to classify these impacts there will always be impacts that do not fit neatly within the classification. Nevertheless a classification framework is a useful guide or tool we can use to tackle these issues. Almost all impacts of disasters have an economic dimension, even if this economic effect cannot be measured. Economic impacts are typically divided into two categories: tangible (those impacts we can assign a dollar value to) and intangible (impacts which are not easily expressed in monetary terms). These impacts are then further subdivided into direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts are those that result from the physical destruction or damage to buildings, infrastructure, vehicles and crops etc. Indirect impacts are due to the consequences of the damage or destruction. Figure 1 illustrates the impacts of disasters using three main categories-direct, indirect and intangible. An alternative approach is to examine the impacts of disasters in terms of who or what is affected. Three groupings are common: * Public infrastructure and community facilities; * Business enterprises (commercial, industrial, retail, service, agricultural etc); and * Residents and households. Using figure 1 and BTE Report 103 a brief discussion of the direct, indirect and intangible impacts of disasters on each of these three groups follows. FIGURE 1 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A DISASTER Culture Heritage Clean up Infrastracture Intangible impacts Health Aspects Death injury I Indirect Impacts Business Disruption Disaster Impacts Direct Impacts Agriculture Commercial buildings 1. Direct Economic Impacts: Public Infrastructure and Community Facilities: Lifelines (such as water and sanitation systems, electricity, gas, telecommunications and transport) are vulnerable to all types of disasters. Direct damage to lifeline infrastructure includes the immediate physical damage (eg. oads cracked or washed away, destroyed electrical transformers and so on) and also the damage which may take some time before becoming visible (eg. accelerated road deterioration due to the effect of water intrusion under road pavements). Public buildings include schools, child care centres, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes, neighbourhood centres, churches, entertainment/art/cultural centres, museums, clubs and so on. Direct damage to public buil dings can also be thought of using the break up into structural (eg. roofs, walls etc), contents (eg. urniture, floor coverings and specialist items like sound systems and paintings etc) and external (eg. Playground equipment, swimming pools etc) damage. Business Enterprises include commercial, industrial, retail, service and agricultural business types. The economic impact of disasters on agricultural enterprises is often treated separately from other business types. Essentially however the impact on businesses can be viewed as falling into 3 main areas. * structural damage to buildings such as shops,factories, plants, sheds, barns, warehouses, hotels and so on. This includes damage to foundations, walls, floors, roofs, doors, in-builtfurniture, windows etc. * contents damage to fixtures and fittings (eg. carpets), furniture, office equipment, farm equipment, records, product stock (finished manufactured products, works in progress and input materials), crops, pastures, livestock etc. and * external damage, for example, to motor vehicles and fences. Residents and Households: The residential sector includes houses, flats, unit, townhouses and so on. The break up of direct damage into structural (eg. roofs, walls etc), contents (eg. furniture, floor coverings etc) and external (eg. wimming pools, gardens etc) is equally useful for this category. 2. Indirect Economic Impacts: Indirect impacts are those that are incurred as a consequence of the event, but are not due to the direct impact. Many indirect impacts are common to the public/community sectors business, and household (for example, disruption and clean up). Disruption effects: The disrup tion to the community, businesses and households caused by disasters is pervasive. The economic impact of disruption and its consequences for community recovery is often overlooked, as economic recovery can tend to focus on the highly visible direct physical damage. The following categories list the common forms of disruption relevant to each area. Sector/Area of impact| Disruption Examples| Business| —Lost or deferred production (eg. manufacturing, agriculture, services etc)—Lost or deferred income/trade/sales/value added (eg. Tourism operators, retail traders etc)—Increased costs (eg. freight, inputs, agistment)| Public services and networks| —Transport (traffic delays, extra —operating costs etc)—Loss of computer controlled systems—Loss of other lifelines (eg. electricity)—Government services (eg. ducation)| Households| —Additional costs (eg. alternative accommodation and transport, heating, drying out costs, medical costs etc)| Natural disasters can cause serious disruption to affected businesses which may not be able to operate during the event, and for some time afterwards, while the premises are being cleaned and equipment repaired. Business lost during this period can have de vastating financial consequences and in some cases the business may not recover at all. Loss of farm income due to a natural disaster can affect the economies of country towns. For example, the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics (ABARE 2000) estimates that farm expenditure represents at least a third of the economies of towns with less than 1000 people. Disasters that reduce farm expenditure can therefore have a major effect on the economies of small towns. Clean up: Cleaning up after a disaster is another obvious area of indirect impact. The impact for public and community infrastructure, businesses and households is essentially the time it takes and the costs of cleaning materials. Clean up activities typically include removal of mud and debris, disassembly and cleaning of machinery and equipment, removal of destroyed household and business contents items and so on. 3. Intangible Economic Impacts Intangible impacts are often described as a ‘catch all’ that includes all those costs that are very difficult to estimate, for which there is no agreed method of estimation and for which there is no market to provide a benchmark. Evidence suggests that the size of intangible costs is substantial and although most cannot be quantified, in many cases they do still have an economic impact that should not be ignored. Sector/Area of impact| Intangible impact examples| Business| —Loss of confidence—Loss of future contracts—Loss of experienced staff| Public/Community| —Health impacts (deferral of procedures, reduced quality of care etc)—Death and injury—Loss of items of cultural significance—Environmental impacts—Heritage losses—Lack of access to education, health, defence, art galleries and museums etc| Residents and households| —Loss of personal memorabilia—Inconvenience and disruption, especially to schooling and social life. —Stress induced ill-health and mortality—Pets—Quality of life—Dislocation| Conclusion: Assistance that ensures the survival of the existing economic infrastructure of a region is vital to disaster recovery, but it should not be so great as to affect the natural economic laws of supply and demand operating on the sales and distribution of existing products or services. Government can initiate major projects, that can assist in erasing some of the bad memories of the past and provide a boost in construction and service jobs into the area. References: (1) http://en. wikipedia. org. (2) www. ndmindia. nic. in/ (3) www. ndma. gov. in/ (4) disastermgmt. bih. nic. in/ (5) http://saarc-sdmc. nic. in/index. asp How to cite Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters, Essay examples

Welfare Essay Summary Example For Students

Welfare Essay Summary Welfare. Whether you collect it, or you pay for it (and for EVERYworking American does one of the two), most citizens of our country are familiarwith it. Yet as every second of the day passes, more and more of my money andyours is being allotted to this growing epidemic called welfare. The PersonalResponsibility Act, signed by the President, was a monumental change in welfareas we know, or used to know it. The welfare system is still in need or morestrict and stringent policy reform, yet the Personal Responsibility Act was aprodigious step in the right direction. In the past few years, the federal governments and state governmentshave tried to change and improve the welfare system. The Clinton Administrationcampaigned to end welfare as we know it. The Administrations proposal limitsAFDC benefits to two years, during which employment services would be providedto recipients. Nearly 20 welfare reform bills have been introduced in the 103rdCongress. Besides the above mentioned bill, three major proposals were offeredby Republican members: The GOP Leadership Welfare bill, The Real Welfare ReformAct, and The Welfare and Teenage Pregnancy Reduction Act. Now the Republicanshave pulled together a strong and controversial bill on welfare reform. ThePersonal Responsibility Act is an attempt to overhaul the welfare system byputting limits on eligibility and reducing dependency on government. This billaddresses the increasing problem of illegitimacy, requires welfare recipients towork, and caps welfare spending. Current programs will be consolidated, time limits will be placed on benefits and savings are to go to deficit reduction. The bills main thrust is to give states greater control over the benefitsprograms, work programs, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)payments and requirements. We will write a custom essay on Welfare Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Under the bill, the structure for AFDC payments will drastically change. Mothers under the age of 18 may no longer receive AFDC payments for childrenborn out of wedlock and mothers who are ages 18, 19, and 20 can be prohibited bythe states from receiving AFDC payments and housing benefits. Mothers must alsoestablish paternity to as a condition for receiving AFDC payments, except incases of rape and incest and if the state determines that efforts to establishpaternity would result in physical danger to the mother. The bill requiresstates to establish paternity in ninety percent of their cases. States are alsoencouraged to develop procedures in public hospitals and clinics to determinepaternity and establish legal procedures that help pinpoint paternity in areasonable time period. Also, in order to reduce the amount of time familiesare on welfare, states must begin moving welfare recipients into work programsif they have received welfare for two years. States are given the option todrop families from receiving AFDC benefits after they have received welfare fortwo years if at least one year has been spent in a work program. States mustdrop families from the program after they have received a total of five years ofAFDC benefits. The bill allows states to design their own work programs and determinewho will be required to participate. Welfare recipients must work an average of35 hours a week or enroll in work training programs. By the year 2001, 1.5million AFDC recipients will be required to work. The bill grants greater flexibility to states allowing them to designtheir own work programs and determine who participates in them and can choose toopt out of the current AFDC program by converting their share of AFDC paymentsinto fixed annual block grants. The bill is also designed to diminish the number to teenage pregnanciesand illegitimate births. It prohibits AFDC payments and housing benefits tomothers under age 18 who give birth to out-of-wedlock children. The state hasthe option of extending this prohibition to mothers ages 18, 19, and 20. Thesavings generated from this provision to deny AFDC to minor mothers is returnedto the states in the form of block grants to provide services to help theseyoung mothers who illegitimate children. The state will use the funds forprograms to reduce out of wedlock pregnancies, to promote adoption, to establishand operate orphanages, to establish and operate residential group homes forunwed mothers, or for any purpose the state deems appropriate. None of thefunds may be used for abortion services or abortion counseling. The bill also includes a number of other provisions to reduceillegitimacy. While AFDC is prohibited to mothers ages 17 and younger who havechildren out of wedlock, mothers age 18 who give birth to illegitimate childrenmust live at home in order to receive aid. Mothers already receiving benefitswill not receive an increase if additional children are born out of wedlock. States are allowed to establish their own work training and educationprograms to help recipients move from the welfare program to paid employment assoon as possible. The training programs require recipients to work for anaverage of 35 hours a week or 30 hours a week plus five hours engages in jobsearch activities. One parent in a two parent family is required to work 32hours a week plus eight hours of job searching. As long as states meet the participation requirements, the federalgovernment will not advise other parts of the program. States will design theirown work programs and determine who will be required to participate in them. Part of the participation requirement is requiring a certain number ofrecipients to participate in the job program. Starting in 1996, 100,000 AFDCrecipients will be required to work; in 1997, 200,000 recipients will berequired; in 1998, 400,000 will be required; in 1999 600,000 recipients will berequired; in 2000, 900,000 will be required; and by 2001, 1.5 million recipientswill be required to work. .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .postImageUrl , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:hover , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:visited , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:active { border:0!important; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:active , .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf9eb0c613ddd949ba487784c2da785a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Yalta Conference EssayIdentified non-parents, usually men, who receive food stamp benefits arerequired to work eight hours a week for those benefits. The bill caps the spending growth of AFDC, SSI and numerous publichousing programs, and the mandatory work program established under the bill. Thecap equals the amount spent the preceding year for these programs with anadjustment for inflation plus growth in poverty population. The entitlementstatus of these programs is ended. The bill also consolidates a number ofnutrition programs into a block grant to states funded in the first year at 95percent of the aggregate amount of the individual programs. Programsconsolidated into the block grant include food stamps, the supplemental feedingprogram, infants, children, and the school lunch and breakfast programs, amongothers. Under the block grant, states will distribute food assistance toeconomically disadvantaged individuals more freely. To further reduce welfare spending, welfare assistance is denied to non-citizens, except refugees over 75 years of age, those lawfully admitted to theU.S., or those who have resided in the U.S. for at least five years. Emergencymedical assistance will continue to be provided to non-citizens. The bill allows states to create their own work programs and determinewho participates in them. States can also opt our of the AFDC program andconvert their AFDC payments into a fixed annual block grant and have the optionto provide new residents AFDC benefits comparable to the level provided in thestate in which they previously resided. To help combat illiteracy, states mayreduce AFDC payments by up to $75 per month to mothers under the age of 21 whohave not completed high school or earned their high school equivalency. Payments may also be reduced if a dependent child does not maintain minimumschool attendance. State adoption agencies are encouraged, under the bill, to decrease theamount of time a child must wait to be adopted. Specifically, the billprohibits states from discriminating on the basis of race, color, or nationalorigin when placing children for adoption. AFDC beneficiaries who the state identifies as addicted to drugs oralcohol must enroll in an addiction treatment program and participate in randomdrug testing in order to continue receiving welfare benefits. The bill is estimated to result in a net savings of approximately $40billion over five years. The denial of welfare to non-citizens saves about $22billion, the cap on welfare spending saves about $18 billion, the nutritionblock grant saves about $11 billion, and the requirement for paternityestablishment saves about $2 billion. The costs included in the bill are $9.9billion for the work program and approximately $2 billion for miscellaneousstate options. OK, personally, I dont see what the big fuss these whiny littledemocrats are making over this bill. You shouldnt be so hard on un-wedteenage mothers. Well, lets think about this one. Theyre unwed, theyreteenage, and theyre mothers. Not a good combination.The majority of womenon welfare had their first child as a teenager. Most of these births now occuroutside of marriage and are unintended. Actually, I dont think that werebeing hard enough. Theyre lucky to receive any benefits at all. If this weremy bill, payments to unwed teens would end altogether. Its ridiculous to havea fifteen year old pregnant and out of school sitting at home sucking upgovernment dough. The government isnt punishing them. Theyve punishedthemselves. If anything the government is giving these kids an incentive to bemore responsible. Welfare is a crutch. And people use it even after theirbroken leg has healed. And what about those who are not legitimately in this country? Thousands upon thousands of immigrants enter this country each year, becausethey know in America, they can receive benefits without even becoming a citizen. This needs to end right now. American citizens hard at work each day should nothave to waste their tax dollars on the illegal Perez family from just over theborder who dont speak a word of English nor contribute any of their money tothis country. Illegal immigrants under no circumstance should receive any moneyof any kind. They do not belong to this country nor do they contribute towardit. As I stated in Congress in Action, I work at Genovese. I make sixty-five dollars a week. I SHOULD be making eighty, but fifteen dollars of my moneyeach week goes to the federal government to give to some illegal family orsingle mother. I pay for this familys clothing. I pay for this familys food. I pay for this familys home. But of course, my fifteen dollars a week is notenough to pay for all of the familys expenses. So you, and your family have topay more money each year so that some other family doesnt have to.Imseventeen years old. I am going to an Ivy League university next year. I cantafford to spend fifteen dollars on some illegal family in Texas or some singleirresponsible mother. And do you know what the tragic part is? This familydoes not give a single dime back to the government. And for illegal immigrants,that same government which gives them millions of OUR dollars a year, doesnteven acknowledge that they exist. Somehow, THAT doesnt sound very fair to me. And in fear or their payments ending, a great number of legal immigrantshave rushed to turn in their applications for U.S. citizenship. At no time inhistory has the number of applicants for U.S. citizenship been so large. In LosAngeles County alone, its quadrupled in just two years. In 94 I think wewere running a bout 75,000 applications a year. Last year, we ran about 175,000,and were looking at about 300,000 this year, says Richard Rogers, who works inthe Los Angeles branch of the Immigration and Naturalization service. Thanks toThe Personal Responsibility Act, hundreds of thousands more non-citizens areapplying to officially be a member of our country, and in turn contributetowards it. Many crybaby liberals believe these harsh laws make non citizensworry about their benefits. Good. If they dont give or do anything FOR ourgovernment, they SHOULD worry if the government decides not to give themanything. That worry is what pushes them to become a part of our nation, and bea REAL, tax paying American citizens. Only until then can they at least expectsome benefits. .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .postImageUrl , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:hover , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:visited , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:active { border:0!important; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:active , .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3 .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u517f2a617428775d9fd7accffd43e0d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Graduation EssayLimiting AFDC payment by $75 to those who havent completed high schoolor gained a high school equivalency seemed way liberal to me. High school drop-out is one of the big reasons for the enormous about of money welfare consumeseach year. If you dont have at least a high school education, you will find ittough to land a job that will support yourself, let alone a family as well. School keeps kids off of the streets, and out of trouble with drugs, sex andpregnancies- things that will run them right out of school and right onto thewelfare payroll. Democrats love making a big sob story out of welfarevictims. It makes me truly sick. Want to hear a sob story? Me hardly seeingmy family for four years because I was too busy studying, and involving myselfin the school and community, bettering others lives, so that I may improvemyself as a person, go on to a good school, and make a success of myself. Andthe federal government didnt give me a cent. They shouldnt have to. So if Ishouldnt get paid for doing more than what I am have to, or am supposed to do,why should some pregnant, crackhead, sixteen year old girl get paid every weekfor doing what shes NOT supposed to do? Theres a sob story. And spare me the argument that drug addicts are victims deserving asafety net, or that at least their children are. That mentality, inpsychological circles is called enabling-making it possible for chronicallymaladjusted people to indulge their self destructive behavior at the expense ofthemselves and others. What enabling actually does is help destroy the peopleyou ought to be trying to aid. It is irresponsible. Stop and think. You havepeople on welfare who are drug addicts. You give them cash. What do you thinkhappens? They buy drugs. If there is any money left they MAY (1 in a millionchance) use it as intended. If not, they fall back on their main means forscoring. This means stealing or selling their bodies to get more of a fix, orjust to survive and make ends meet. This is how it really is on the streets forthose welfare recipients who are also drug addicts. So why not do them a favorand say you cant be a drug addict and a welfare recipient at the same time. Being an addict does nt necessarily mean you are a complete idiot. Asubstantial percentage of them arent happy about their addictions, but theyneed a big push to break their dependency cycle. The dumbest thing in the worldis to give an addict cash. So why should our welfare system do that in the nameof doing good? Why not make it universally clear that welfare benefits willonly go to people who, among other things, can pass a drug test at the time ofapplication, and at random periods thereafter? Why shouldnt welfare policydiscourage drug addiction?God knows that we cant rely on the President,seeing as how the public has re-elected a man whose first presidency showed adoubling of teen drug use, as well as a leader who admitted to smoking pot andsaid he would do it again. Cutting off welfare to those with a drug addictionhas nothing to do with individual liberties. The individual is free to choosebetween continuing addiction or continuing welfare. And as for the time restraint..why is it even 5 years that they can stayon AFDC? One is quite sufficient. Do you know how long it took me to get myjob at Genovese Five days, not five years! And I am not even out of highschool. It pays above minimum wage, the full time benefits are excellent, thereis not a single reason why welfare recipients could not hold a job such as that. Yet year after year we continue to find them at home waiting for Bob the mailmanto deliver their welfare check. Pathetic. That is the only work to describe it. No, perhaps pathetic and sickening. And are we forgetting something? There exists something called theTENTH AMENDMENT!! Those powers not given to Congress, nor specificallyenumerated, are reserved for the states and respectfully to the people. Thepowers specifically enumerated to Congress are found in Article I Section 8 ofthe Constitution. The only facet of this Article that the most looseconstruction liberal mind MIGHT be able to construe as a reason for increasingwelfare is that The Congress shall have Power to.provide for the commonDefense and general Welfare of the United States. Providing for the generalwelfare of America means ensure that its citizens lives are protected, notspend hundreds of billions of dollars on the welfare system. Welfare is not aresponsibility of the federal government. It is one of the states, orrespectively, the people.. The American voters sent a clear message on thatNovember 8th of 1994. They want to see a positive change in government. Manyof these same voters are pointing a finger at welfare as a perfect example ofbig government at work wasting taxpayer money. Congress was able to pushthrough to legislation that greatly enhances the fight against the welfare trap. Yet it is not the end of the war. There are still several more battles to gountil we may sign a peace treaty.